Organizational Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organizational Development - Essay Example Two definitions that more aptly represent the thrust of organization development today are: "Organization development is a system-wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for improving an organization's effectiveness." (Cummings et al, p.2) An astute organization development practitioner would carefully evaluate the working systems with set targets to identify pitfalls and suggest holistic changes for improved effectiveness. One of the key components of organization development is change management. Change management is a complex system which involves judicious and intelligent application of a range of ideas from the fields of business, engineering, sociology, and psychology. As organizations face stiff competition, changes in the organizations become imperative for survival. It becomes more and more necessary for the organization to implement a robust change management system to help the organization grow and sustain and meet the challenges that it faces from within and without. A change management system in its broad outline may be regarded as a "structured process that will cause proposed changes to be reviewed for technical and business readiness in a consistent manner that can be relaxed or tightened to adjust to business needs and experiences." (Indiana University, 2009) A robust change management practice would involve the convergence of two predominant fields of thought: the mechanical focus to change and the human focus on change. Till recently, a lot of companies had likened the different functions of their business to a mechanical clock made up of individual mechanical pieces which they could alter or change to suit a specific situation and produce the desired results. This change could be radical or gradual as was deemed necessary. The need for change management concepts was not realized till their projects faced serious hurdles to implementation or encountered stiff resistance. Change management has now come to mean "the process, tools and techniques to manage the people-side of business change to achieve the required business outcome, and to realize that business change effectively within the social infrastructure of the workplace." (Change Management Learning Center, 1996-2008) The foundation stone to the human side of change management was laid by William Bridges in his book named Transitions. (Ed Batista, 2008) Though he relates human behavior to change in a workplace only a few times in his book, this work brought a new perspective to change management and resulted in two schools of approach to business practice, measurement of success and perspectives of change: the engineer's approach or the mechanical approach and the psychologist's approach. The table below summarizes the major differences in the two approaches: Engineer Psychologist Focus Processes, systems, structure People Business practices BPR, TQM, ISO 9000, Quality Human resources, OD Starting point Business issues or opportunities Personal change, employee resistance (or potential for resistance) Measure of success Business performance, financial and statistical metrics Job satisfaction, turnover, productivity loss Perspective on change "Shoot the stragglers, carry

Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Management - Assignment Example The manager will be efficient but if the program had no relevance with the organization’s objective, then he or she would be efficient but not effective. If the program costs more, the manager would be effective but not efficient. Manager of an organization can improve both simultaneously by introducing the emergent technology. In busy offices, time wasting can cost the company immensely. For instance, the manager can introduce a printer that can print data from computers and this can improve efficiency and effectiveness within the workplace (Ehman). Good reputation is the most important thing as it adds value to an organization. Being ethical and socially responsible is part of having a good organization. For instance, Aflac is an insurance company that has had recognition for being among the most ethical companies in the world. They have made this successful by treating shareholders with integrity and honesty. Wal-Mart is almost the largest retailer and private company employer in the world. Despite the huge profits, it has faced stiff allegations from employees that they are not treating the right. First, the company employs illegal immigrants so that they can cut down costs. Sometimes they go unpaid when they work overtime. Many workers also complain of sexual discrimination and denial to medical care plans. Social account is an imaginary account built by being helpful to people and it is measurable by the strength of one’s relationship within a network. We can earn, save, and spend this capital. It takes time and investment to earn social capital and the best way is to use attitudes and behaviors, which will build social capital (Townsend 24). Social capital can be of use in critical situations of an organization in order to improve its reputation. It is essential to propose a leadership process that can work passably with performance appraisal of Management by Objective. This is in the view of

The McCarthy Essay Example for Free

The McCarthy Essay The McCarthy Trails and the Salem witch trials have always drawn comparisons to each other in many ways. People were punished unfairly and without any real form of proof. As we continue throughout history, events similar to the McCarthy and Salem Witch Trials have sprung up occasionally in current events. The methods of persecution in these events have varied from the minor to the extreme. Due to these unfair practices, many victims had their livelihoods destroyed and some were even killed due to another person’s word over theirs. In both of these situations, the accusers were hungry for power and would do anything possible to achieve this power. In any case, reputations were ruined, lives were lost, or families were decimated. The methods of persecution for criminals have varied greatly throughout the ages. Incarceration, torture, and death are common methods that have been used as punishments for crimes. During the McCarthy and Salem Witch Trials, people were punished in many ways. During the Salem Witch Trials, the accused were first placed in jail to await a hearing. In all, over 150 people were arrested and placed in jail. Even more were accused but were never pursued by the proper authorities. If found guilty of witchcraft, the victims were sentenced to death by hanging. Between June and September of 1692 nineteen of the accused were hanged. On September 19th, 1962 one man was pressed to death when he failed to plead guilty or not guilty. At least four deaths occurred from the accused dying while incarcerated. The punishments during the McCarthy trials while less severe, still had a devastating impact on the persons involved. People accused of being communist had their names added to a blacklist created by Hollywood. The only way to be removed was to meet before the House of Un-American Activities Committee and prove your innocence. If a person that was called before the House of Un-American Activities Committee refused to name other people involved in these communist groups then you would be added to the blacklist. Over 320 people were placed on the list which stopped them from working in the entertainment industry. The United States government then decided to use the Alien Registration Act to place over forty-six people in jail. Senator Joseph McCarthy then accused 205 people in the State Department of being communists. Investigations were launched and many thousands lost their jobs after admitting to being members of the communist party. Senator McCarthy ruined the lives of many, all to increase his own power and self-image. It is amazing that an event like the Salem Witch Trials was allowed to repeat itself with the McCarthy trials. The Salem Witch Trials, McCarthyism, and even recent events all draw similarities to each other. Events where people have been wrongly prosecuted have happened throughout history. The similarities begin with a culture that is in a state of panic. The Salem Witch Trials were the result of a very strong effort to find witches brought on by panic about strange events. The same was true for McCarthy in the Senate. He was on a mission to find communists, and an already panicked public was very willing to believe him. Both were based on incorrect facts and gained momentum due to their leaders instilling public hysteria. Both trials ended when the accusations proved to be false and unsubstantiated. In my current event, a victim had Secret Service agents show up at her house because she supposedly had anti-American posters in her home. The poster that the agents were referring to was one with President Bush holding a rope, with the words: We Hang on Your Every Word. George Bush, Wanted: 152 Dead. It refers to the number who was put to death in Texas while Bush was the governor. The woman had her information taken down and her name added to some type of list. Many of these types of situations have been springing up around the country. Terrorism in recent years is the main cause of this; just like witch hysteria and communism of the past. Acts like the Patriot Act inflict on certain rights of Americans. Warrantless wiretapping has become a serious issue in recent years, with groups such as the ACLU attacking such policies. Overall, these events do draw many similarities to each other and their effects will never be forgotten. The Salem Witch Trials, McCarthyism, and recent events also have much dissimilarity between them. During McCarthyism, the punishments for being accused were much less severe. You could get blacklisted under McCarthyism, but you received a fair trial and no one was ever killed during these events. The worst scenario was either a job loss or a tarnished reputation. The Salem Witch trials involved superstition that went beyond the Christian religion. People were mainly accused by a group of girls that pointed the finger to many innocent women. If they admitted to being a witch then they were sparred from death. Today, rights granted by the constitution are being stressed by the government with the hope of keeping American people safe. You may be investigated, but no harm has since come because of these new policies. As time continues, we will see how future events transpire and how similar they are to the past. The McCarthy Trails and the Salem witch trials have had a great affect on our history. Victims were unfairly reprimanded during these events. The methods of persecution ranged from death to defamation of character. Power hungry individuals led the hysteria, sacrificing others to build up their power. What we do know is that these types of events continue to arise, even in today’s world. Whether we have learned from these events will remain to be seen.

Cars :: essays research papers fc

Works Cited McBride, Gordon. â€Å"Automobile Manufacturing.† Career Information Center. 2 vols. New York: MacMillan Library Reference USA, 1996 p. 98-100 Tardiff, Joseph, ed.â€Å" Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment.† US Industry Profiles. New York: Gale Research, 1998 p. 394-401 Broughty, James. Careers in Transport. Chicago: The Institute for Research, 1999 Womack, James P., Jones, Daniel T., and Roos, Daniel. The Machine that Changed the World. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1990 Farr, Max. â€Å"Automobile Industry.† Hoover’s Online. Online. Internet. February 2000 There is no industry more present in the world-wide community than the automobile industry. The automobile has changed the lives, culture, and economy of the people and nations that manufacture and demand them. Ever since the late 1800s when the first â€Å"modern† car was invented by Benz and Daimler in Germany, the industry has grown into a billion dollar industry affecting so many aspects of our lives. There are more than 400 million passenger cars alone on the roads today. During the early part of the twentieth century, the United States was home to more than 90 percent of the world’s automotive industry, but has shrunk to about 20 percent in today’s world. This drastic change has occurred by the booming economies in such nations as Japan, Germany, Canada, France, Italy, and other nations. The US auto industry â€Å"sales totaled $205 billion, or 3.3 percent of the total Gross Domestic Product.† (Tardiff 394) By the end of 19th century, there were abou t 500 auto manufacturers, but that number dropped sharply to 23 by 1917, and today the Big Three dominate the market. Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler make up the Big Three which account for 23 percent of the world’s motor vehicle production in 1997, with the Japanese industries coming in second, producing 21 percent. Germany produces 9 percent, Spain, France, South Korea, and Canada each produce 5 percent of the international market in 1997. In the US alone, the auto industry, which includes it’s 500,000 car-related businesses, create 12 million jobs. The automobile is clearly an oligopoly, but each company’s control of the market has gradually diminished because of rising foreign competition. The US has three main auto manufacturers, Japan has five major producers as does Germany. Each of these companies produce differentiated versions of the same product, have control over their products’ prices, and rely heavily on non-price competition. Each compan y produces a new line of cars for each model annually.

Bloomberg News vs. Agence France-Presse

Comparing Bloomberg News and Agence France-Presse's presentation of a story regarding the recent win of Barrack Obama against Hilary Clinton in the Wisconsin and Hawaii primaries, there are some similarities and differences that can be seen.Both stories from Bloomberg and AFP provide the necessary information that answers the five Ws of a news report.   AFP and Bloomberg wrote about Barrack Obama, Hilary Clinton, and John McCain, the three presidential hopefuls, and the results of the recently concluded primaries in the states of Wisconsin and Hawaii.Both stories follow the inverted pyramid style wherein the most important part of the news can be found at the beginning.   The stories are easy to read and well written.There is however, a marked difference in the use of descriptive language.   For instance,Bloomberg used â€Å"rival† to refer to Mrs. Clinton, while AFP used â€Å"bitter rival† to describe Mrs. Clinton.   Reading the AFP story, one would gleam an e motion from the story, while the Bloomberg report is simply matter-of-fact. Reading the AFP report is like hearing somebody doing an eloquent speech.   On the other hand, reading the Bloomberg report is like listening to a well-prepared board presentation.Probably, the eloquence that can be associated with the AFP report is influenced by the more expressive nature of the French people as a whole.   In the case of the very business-like Bloomberg report, one can reasonably say that the writing is influenced by the hurried world that New Yorkers have.  Ã‚   Another instance where the two stories vary is in the angle they've taken.Early in the story, AFP talks about McCain's preemptive strike against Obama.   The same detail was placed under a separate subheading in the Bloomberg story.   The Bloomberg story has been neatly divided into subheadings, while AFP's story has no subheadings but incorporated all relevant details into a comprehensive news.ReferencesGoldman, J. & Jen sen, K. (2008, February 20). Obama Wins Wisconsin, Adding Votes Before Texas, Ohio.   Bloomberg News.   Retrieved February 20, 2008, fromhttp://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601070&sid=aoF_avJCMvew&refer=home Oberman, M. (2008, February 20). Obama hammers Clinton again to stretch unbeaten streak. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved February 20, 2008, fromhttp://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jGjzzHGfhWvRQxy7LcMzUqRikkTA  

Exercise Is Essential Component Of Healthy Living Style

Exercise is an essential component of healthy living style. It strengthens not only physical health, but also mental health. 99% of people on this planet know the importance of exercise. However, not many percent of people can actually commit to regular exercise in order to enhance the physical condition or have correct knowledge about exercise. Such situation is even serious in Asia countries. For many decades, students in Asia, from elementary school students to high school students, are taught that study is the most important activity in their life. They are encouraged to study day and night but discourage to attend any kind of sports activities. As the result, Asian students don t have a habit of exercising. Even if they do exercise, they do it for only weight control and apply false concept most of the time. UMI is found in order to promote Asian students willingness to exercise, provide them education about exercise and accompany them on their fitness journal. As an Asian stud ent, I used to be like most of Asian students. I didn t like to exercise, and think sweating is disgusting. I started to exercise when I was on my mission. My companion all looked strong and I felt I am sissy comparing to them. I tried to copy what they did when exercising. The result wasn t quite well. One day after I was married, I received a one week free access for a gym by my house. I went to it because I was curious about what gym looks like. It was the start of my journey of workingShow MoreRelatedThe Battle For Healthier Food1154 Words   |  5 Pagesfood is one worth fighting, because bad nutrition may be doing more than increasing your weight and cramping your style. Bad, unhealthy nutrition boosts your risk of just about every major disease you don t want to even imagine, including high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer, gallstones, IBS, arthritis, many other diseases and obesity. We know that all living things need nourishment to survive. Human body have specific needs for proteins, certain fats and carbohydratesRead MoreLifestyle Interventions For Managing Obesity1485 Words   |  6 Pagesonset age, weight gain reasons , weight loss measures taken previously which might have turned successful or unsuccessful , alcohol and smoking history and then appropriate recommendations should be selected says Henderson, MJ Sadlier K, Currie, BG. Exercise and physical activity will better the physical function of the elderly , and the combination of both will be a great advantage and improve the functioning ( Villareal, DennisT. Chode, SureshParimi, Nehu Sinacore†¦.. 2011). 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It is important for all soldiers to be in their best physical and mental condition and b e ready for any challenges ahead them. A healthy mind and body improves overall performance of all soldiers. Performance triad is a tool to measure how an individual is doing in these particular areas; activityRead MoreElderly, Older, And Older People1107 Words   |  5 Pageselderly, aged, and older people. There many things that occur as an individual gets older. Once the individuals reach that â€Å"elderly stage† the amount of social contacts will increase. Before continuing on what changes when one is elderly, it is essential to determine what is elderly. This idea of elderly or being old is social constructed. According to Benokraitis author of Marriages and Families: Changes, Choices, and Constraints stated, â€Å"Our perception and definition of old also depends on ourRead MoreAnalysis of Lululemon Athletica Inc (LULU)2625 Words   |  11 Pagesideas about a healthy lifestyle. 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Many factors contribute to childhood obesity but the major factors are living sedentary lifestyles along with poor nutrition and over consumption of fatty foods. Websters Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English language defines obese as excessively fat; corpulent (bulkiness or largeness of body); overweight. AccordingRead MorePhilosophy of Therapeutic Recreation3064 Words   |  13 PagesWhen we observe the demographics of today ¡Ã‚ ¦s society, we notice that there is quite a change in the average age, as well as life expectancy. In 1993, the average life expectancy rose to an amazing 75.5 years, with women living an average of 79 years and men living an average of 72 years (Hawkins, 1996, p. 4). With this gradual rise in age, the idea of therapeutic recreation for the aging population has taken on a significant role. Therapeutic recreation uses recreation and leisure activities to

How to Use the Perl Array Grep() Function

The Perl  grep() function is a filter that runs a regular expression on each element of an array and returns only the elements that evaluate as  true. Using regular expressions can be extremely powerful and complex. The grep() functions uses the syntax List grep(Expression, array). Using Grep() Function to Return True Expressions myNames (Jacob, Michael, Joshua, Mathew, Alexander, Andrew); grepNames grep(/^A/, myNames); Think of the myNames array as a row of numbered boxes, going from left to right and numbered starting with a zero. The grep() function goes through each of the elements (boxes) in the array and compares their contents to the regular expression. If the result is true, the contents are then added to the new grepNames array. In the above example, the regular expression /^A/ is looking for any value that starts with a capital A. After sifting through the contents of the myNames array, the value of grepNames becomes (Alexander, Andrew), the only two elements that start with a capital A. Reversing the Expression in a Grep() Function One quick way to make this particular function more powerful is to reverse the regular expression with the NOT operator. The regular expression then looks for elements that evaluate to false and moves them into the new array. myNames (Jacob, Michael, Joshua, Mathew, Alexander, Andrew); grepNames grep(!/^A/, myNames); In the above example, the regular expression is looking for any value that does not start with a capital A. After sifting through the contents of the myNames array, the value of grepNames becomes (Jacob, Michael, Joshua, Matthew). About Perl Perl is an adaptable programming language frequently used to develop web applications.  Perl  is an  interpreted, not compiled, language, so its programs take up more CPU time than a compiled language—a problem that becomes less important as the speed of processors increases. However, writing in Perl is faster than writing in a compiled language, so the time you save is yours.